Tuberculosis (TB) and non-tuberculosis (NTB) caused by mycobacterium infection are serious infectious diseases that endanger human health. They are prevalent all over the world and are one of the key infectious diseases under global control. Because TB and non-TB symptoms are similar but treatment regimens are very different, most non-TB mycobacteria are naturally resistant to anti-TB drugs. In addition, mycobacterium tuberculosis with drug-resistant mutations can also become resistant to anti-TB drugs.

With the extensive development of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation, the extensive use of immunosuppressants and chemotherapy drugs, and various catheter interventional therapy, the incidence of invasive pulmonary fungal infection has shown a gradual increasing trend. Clinical pulmonary fungal infection patients have no specific manifestations, early diagnosis is difficult, the disease is easy to be covered up by the primary disease, resulting in misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis and delayed treatment, resulting in high mortality.

Therefore, the identification of mycobacterium infection in lung tissue, the identification of invasive fungal infection, and the accurate detection of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance mutations are crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.