BRAF gene plays an important role in signal transduction involving cell proliferation, by regulating various kinds of cell physiological activities, such as growth, division , death etc.

BRAF gene is the second transmitter in the EGFR signaling pathway. When BRAF gene mutations occurs, the signal pathway will be permanently auto-activated, resulting in excessive cell proliferation and differentiation, thus, which may lead to EGFR-TKI ineffectiveness.

The types of BRAF gene variations include point mutations, fusions, amplifications, etc., with the V600 mutation being the most common among point mutations. BRAF V600 mutations occur in various tumors, and are more frequently observed in cancer types such as melanoma, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer. Currently, BRAF-targeted therapies have been approved for multiple cancer types, including melanoma, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and others.